The Centre for Population and Environmental Development (CPED), Benin City, is a recently established non-governmental and non-profit organization in Nigeria but it has a solid foundation having been in existence as an applied research group in the University of Benin, Nigeria, since the mid 1980’s. Early in 1985, a research group known as the Benin Social Science Research Group was formed under the leadership of Prof. Andrew G. Onokerhoraye who was then Dean of the Faculty of Social Science of the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

The group was concerned with action research on development problems at the grassroots level in Nigeria. The research group also believed that intervention programmes, which will test the relevance of the research recommendations at the grassroots levels, must follow the action research carried out. The emphasis was also on the participation of the grassroots populations in development programmes in their localities. The experiences of the Benin Social Science Research Group showed that if the grassroots population is carried along in poverty alleviation programmes success would be achieved more rapidly.

In order to translate its activities more widely, the Benin Social Science Research Group was transformed into an independent non-governmental and non-profit organization know as Centre for Population and Environmental Development (CPED). The Corporate Affairs Commission of Nigeria officially registered CPED as a non-profit and non-governmental organization with registration number 12428 in 1999. The leadership of CPED is also unders the leadership of Prof. Andrew G. Onokerhoraye.